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|a Preface, xi Acknowledgements, xvii 1 Introduction, 1 1.1 Introduction, 1 1.2 Types of Material Failure, 2 1.3 Design and Materials Selection, 11 1.4 Technological Challenge, 16 1.5 Economy Importance of Fracture, 16 1.6 Summary, 19 References, 20 Problems and Questions, 21 2 Structure and Deformation in Materials, 23 2.1 Introduction, 23 2.2 Bonding in Solids, 25 2.3 Structure in Crystalline Materials, 29 2.4 Elastic Deformation and Theoretical Strength, 33 2.5 Inelastic Deformation, 38 2.6 Summary, 44 References, 45 Problems and Questions, 46 3 A Survey of Engineering Materials, 48 3.1 Introduction, 48 3.2 Alloying and Processing of Metals, 49 3.3 Irons and Steels, 55 3.4 Nonferrous Metals, 63 3.5 Polymers, 67 3.6 Ceramics and Glasses, 77 3.7 Composite Materials, 84 3.8 Materials Selection for Engineering Components, 89 3.9 Summary, 94 References, 97 Problems and Questions, 98 4 Mechanical Testing: Tension Test and Other Basic Tests, 102 4.1 Introduction, 102 4.2 Introduction to Tension Test, 108 4.3 Engineering Stress-Strain Properties, 109 4.4 Trends in Tensile Behavior, 119 4.5 True Stress-Strain Interpretation of Tension Test, 125 4.6 Compression Test, 135 4.7 Hardness Tests, 139 4.8 Notch-Impact Tests, 148 4.9 Bending and Torsion Tests, 152 4.10 Summary, 155 References, 157 Problems and Questions, 158 5 Stress-Strain Relationships and Behavior, 166 5.1 Introduction, 166 5.2 Models for Deformation Behavior, 167 5.3 Elastic Deformation, 177 5.4 Anisotropic Materials, 188 5.5 Summary, 196 References, 199 Problems and Questions, 199 6 Review of Complex and PrincipalStatesand Strain, 205 6.1 Introduction, 205 6.2 Plane Stress, 206 6.3 Principal Stresses and the Maximum Shear Stress, 222 6.4 Three-Dimensional States of Stress, 214 6.5 Stresses on the Octahedral Planes, 228 6.6 Complex States of Strain, 229 6.7 Summary, 233 References, 235 Problems and Questions, 235 7 Yielding and Fracture under Combined Stresses, 239 7.1 Introduction, 239 7.2 General Form of Failure Criteria
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