| Summary: | Three-dimensional ultrasound (3D US) is a new imaging modality, which is being introduced into
clinical practice. Although this technique will not probably replace two-dimensional ultrasound, it
is being increasingly used. It has been reported that 3D US is a very high reproducible technique.
The endometrium has been paid special attention when using this technique. The aim of this paper
is to address some technical aspects of 3D US and to review critically its current status in evaluating
endometrial function with special focus in its role in predicting pregnancy in assisted reproductive
techniques. In spontaneous cycles endometrial volume grows during follicular phase remaining
constant through the luteal phase. Endometrial vascularization increases during follicular phase
peaking 2–3 days before ovulation, decreasing thereafter and increasing again during mid and late
luteal phase. Data from studies analysing the role of 3D US for predicting IVF outcome are
controversial. An explanation for these controversial findings might be different design of reported
studies, specially the timing of ultrasound evaluation.
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