| Summary: | Limited knowledge is available on lifestyle patterns in Spanish adults. We investigated
dietary patterns and possible meaningful clustering of physical activity, sedentary behavior, sleep
time, and smoking in Spanish adults aged 18–64 years and their association with obesity. Analysis
was based on a subsample (n = 1617) of the cross-sectional ANIBES study in Spain. We performed
exploratory factor analysis and subsequent cluster analysis of dietary patterns, physical activity,
sedentary behaviors, sleep time, and smoking. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the
association between the cluster solutions and obesity. Factor analysis identified four dietary patterns,
“Traditional DP”, “Mediterranean DP”, “Snack DP” and “Dairy-sweet DP”. Dietary patterns, physical
activity behaviors, sedentary behaviors, sleep time, and smoking in Spanish adults aggregated
into three different clusters of lifestyle patterns: “Mixed diet-physically active-low sedentary lifestyle
pattern”, “Not poor diet-low physical activity-low sedentary lifestyle pattern” and “Poor diet-low physical
activity-sedentary lifestyle pattern”. A higher proportion of people aged 18–30 years was classified into
the “Poor diet-low physical activity-sedentary lifestyle pattern”. The prevalence odds ratio for obesity in
men in the “Mixed diet-physically active-low sedentary lifestyle pattern” was significantly lower compared
to those in the “Poor diet-low physical activity-sedentary lifestyle pattern”. Those behavior patterns
are helpful to identify specific issues in population subgroups and inform intervention strategies.
The findings in this study underline the importance of designing and implementing interventions
that address multiple health risk practices, considering lifestyle patterns and associated determinants.
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