Characterization of Thermophilic Lignocellulolytic Microorganisms in Composting
Composting involves the selection of a microbiota capable of resisting the high temperatures generated during the process and degrading the lignocellulose. A deep understanding of the thermophilic microbial community involved in such biotransformation is valuable to improve composting efficiency and...
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| Format: | info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
| Language: | English |
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2024
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| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/10835/15022 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.697480 |
| _version_ | 1789406556206399488 |
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| author | López López, María Josefa Jurado Rodríguez, Macarena Del Mar López González, Juan Antonio Estrella González, Maria José Martínez Gallardo, María Rosa Toribio Gallardo, Ana Josefa Suárez Estrella, Francisca |
| author_facet | López López, María Josefa Jurado Rodríguez, Macarena Del Mar López González, Juan Antonio Estrella González, Maria José Martínez Gallardo, María Rosa Toribio Gallardo, Ana Josefa Suárez Estrella, Francisca |
| author_sort | López López, María Josefa |
| collection | DSpace |
| description | Composting involves the selection of a microbiota capable of resisting the high temperatures generated during the process and degrading the lignocellulose. A deep understanding of the thermophilic microbial community involved in such biotransformation is valuable to improve composting efficiency and to provide thermostable biomass-degrading enzymes for biorefinery. This study investigated the lignocellulose-degrading thermophilic microbial culturome at all the stages of plant waste composting, focusing on the dynamics, enzymes, and thermotolerance of each member of such a community. The results revealed that 58% of holocellulose (cellulose plus hemicellulose) and 7% of lignin were degraded at the end of composting. The whole fungal thermophilic population exhibited lignocellulose-degrading activity, whereas roughly 8–10% of thermophilic bacteria had this trait, although exclusively for hemicellulose degradation (xylan-degrading). Because of the prevalence of both groups, their enzymatic activity, and the wide spectrum of thermotolerance, they play a key role in the breakdown of hemicellulose during the entire process, whereas the degradation of cellulose and lignin is restricted to the activity of a few thermophilic fungi that persists at the end of the process. The xylanolytic bacterial isolates (159 strains) included mostly members of Firmicutes (96%) as well as a few representatives of Actinobacteria (2%) and Proteobacteria (2%). The most prevalent species were Bacillus licheniformis and Aeribacillus pallidus. Thermophilic fungi (27 strains) comprised only four species, namely Thermomyces lanuginosus, Talaromyces thermophilus, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Gibellulopsis nigrescens, of whom A. fumigatus and T. lanuginosus dominated. Several strains of the same species evolved distinctly at the stages of composting showing phenotypes with different thermotolerance and new enzyme expression, even not previously described for the species, as a response to the changing composting environment. Strains of Bacillus thermoamylovorans, Geobacillus thermodenitrificans, T. lanuginosus, and A. fumigatus exhibiting considerable enzyme activities were selected as potential candidates for the production of thermozymes. This study lays a foundation to further investigate the mechanisms of adaptation and acquisition of new traits among thermophilic lignocellulolytic microorganisms during composting as well as their potential utility in biotechnological processing. |
| format | info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
| id | oai:repositorio.ual.es:10835-15022 |
| institution | Universidad de Cuenca |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | oai:repositorio.ual.es:10835-150222024-01-10T07:49:28Z Characterization of Thermophilic Lignocellulolytic Microorganisms in Composting López López, María Josefa Jurado Rodríguez, Macarena Del Mar López González, Juan Antonio Estrella González, Maria José Martínez Gallardo, María Rosa Toribio Gallardo, Ana Josefa Suárez Estrella, Francisca culturome xylanase cellulase ligninases laccase lignin peroxidase thermotolerance Composting involves the selection of a microbiota capable of resisting the high temperatures generated during the process and degrading the lignocellulose. A deep understanding of the thermophilic microbial community involved in such biotransformation is valuable to improve composting efficiency and to provide thermostable biomass-degrading enzymes for biorefinery. This study investigated the lignocellulose-degrading thermophilic microbial culturome at all the stages of plant waste composting, focusing on the dynamics, enzymes, and thermotolerance of each member of such a community. The results revealed that 58% of holocellulose (cellulose plus hemicellulose) and 7% of lignin were degraded at the end of composting. The whole fungal thermophilic population exhibited lignocellulose-degrading activity, whereas roughly 8–10% of thermophilic bacteria had this trait, although exclusively for hemicellulose degradation (xylan-degrading). Because of the prevalence of both groups, their enzymatic activity, and the wide spectrum of thermotolerance, they play a key role in the breakdown of hemicellulose during the entire process, whereas the degradation of cellulose and lignin is restricted to the activity of a few thermophilic fungi that persists at the end of the process. The xylanolytic bacterial isolates (159 strains) included mostly members of Firmicutes (96%) as well as a few representatives of Actinobacteria (2%) and Proteobacteria (2%). The most prevalent species were Bacillus licheniformis and Aeribacillus pallidus. Thermophilic fungi (27 strains) comprised only four species, namely Thermomyces lanuginosus, Talaromyces thermophilus, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Gibellulopsis nigrescens, of whom A. fumigatus and T. lanuginosus dominated. Several strains of the same species evolved distinctly at the stages of composting showing phenotypes with different thermotolerance and new enzyme expression, even not previously described for the species, as a response to the changing composting environment. Strains of Bacillus thermoamylovorans, Geobacillus thermodenitrificans, T. lanuginosus, and A. fumigatus exhibiting considerable enzyme activities were selected as potential candidates for the production of thermozymes. This study lays a foundation to further investigate the mechanisms of adaptation and acquisition of new traits among thermophilic lignocellulolytic microorganisms during composting as well as their potential utility in biotechnological processing. 2024-01-10T07:49:28Z 2024-01-10T07:49:28Z 2021-08-11 info:eu-repo/semantics/article http://hdl.handle.net/10835/15022 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.697480 en info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| spellingShingle | culturome xylanase cellulase ligninases laccase lignin peroxidase thermotolerance López López, María Josefa Jurado Rodríguez, Macarena Del Mar López González, Juan Antonio Estrella González, Maria José Martínez Gallardo, María Rosa Toribio Gallardo, Ana Josefa Suárez Estrella, Francisca Characterization of Thermophilic Lignocellulolytic Microorganisms in Composting |
| title | Characterization of Thermophilic Lignocellulolytic Microorganisms in Composting |
| title_full | Characterization of Thermophilic Lignocellulolytic Microorganisms in Composting |
| title_fullStr | Characterization of Thermophilic Lignocellulolytic Microorganisms in Composting |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characterization of Thermophilic Lignocellulolytic Microorganisms in Composting |
| title_short | Characterization of Thermophilic Lignocellulolytic Microorganisms in Composting |
| title_sort | characterization of thermophilic lignocellulolytic microorganisms in composting |
| topic | culturome xylanase cellulase ligninases laccase lignin peroxidase thermotolerance |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/10835/15022 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.697480 |
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