Plasmodium vivax Cysteine-Rich Protective Antigen Polymorphism at Exon-1 Shows Recombination and Signatures of Balancing Selection
Plasmodium vivax Cysteine-Rich Protective Antigen (CyRPA) is a merozoite protein participating in the parasite invasion of human reticulocytes. During natural P. vivax infection, antibody responses against PvCyRPA have been detected. In children, low anti-CyRPA antibody titers correlated with clinic...
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| Format: | info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI
2021
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| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/10835/9270 |
| _version_ | 1789406524756459520 |
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| author | González Cerón, Lilia Cebrián Carmona, José Mesa Valle, Concepción García Maroto, Federico Santillán Valenzuela, Frida Garrido Cárdenas, José Antonio |
| author_facet | González Cerón, Lilia Cebrián Carmona, José Mesa Valle, Concepción García Maroto, Federico Santillán Valenzuela, Frida Garrido Cárdenas, José Antonio |
| author_sort | González Cerón, Lilia |
| collection | DSpace |
| description | Plasmodium vivax Cysteine-Rich Protective Antigen (CyRPA) is a merozoite protein participating in the parasite invasion of human reticulocytes. During natural P. vivax infection, antibody responses against PvCyRPA have been detected. In children, low anti-CyRPA antibody titers correlated with clinical protection, which suggests this protein as a potential vaccine candidate. This work analyzed the genetic and amino acid diversity of pvcyrpa in Mexican and global parasites. Consensus coding sequences of pvcyrpa were obtained from seven isolates. Other sequences were extracted from a repository. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic trees, genetic diversity parameters, linkage disequilibrium (LD), and neutrality tests were analyzed, and the potential amino acid polymorphism participation in B-cell epitopes was investigated. In 22 sequences from Southern Mexico, two synonymous and 21 nonsynonymous mutations defined nine private haplotypes. These parasites had the highest LD-R2 index and the lowest nucleotide diversity compared to isolates from South America or Asia. The nucleotide diversity and Tajima’s D values varied across the coding gene. The exon-1 sequence had greater diversity and Rm values than those of exon-2. Exon-1 had significant positive values for Tajima’s D, β-α values, and for the Z (HA: dN > dS) and MK tests. These patterns were similar for parasites of different origin. The polymorphic amino acid residues at PvCyRPA resembled the conformational B-cell peptides reported in PfCyRPA. Diversity at pvcyrpa exon-1 is caused by mutation and recombination. This seems to be maintained by balancing selection, likely due to selective immune pressure, all of which merit further study. |
| format | info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
| id | oai:repositorio.ual.es:10835-9270 |
| institution | Universidad de Cuenca |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publisher | MDPI |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | oai:repositorio.ual.es:10835-92702023-04-12T18:58:43Z Plasmodium vivax Cysteine-Rich Protective Antigen Polymorphism at Exon-1 Shows Recombination and Signatures of Balancing Selection González Cerón, Lilia Cebrián Carmona, José Mesa Valle, Concepción García Maroto, Federico Santillán Valenzuela, Frida Garrido Cárdenas, José Antonio Plasmodium vivax pvcyrpa Southern Mexico Cysteine-Rich Protective Antigen (CyRPA) merozoite protein genetic diversity Tajima’s D MK test phylogenetic tree balancing selection Plasmodium vivax Cysteine-Rich Protective Antigen (CyRPA) is a merozoite protein participating in the parasite invasion of human reticulocytes. During natural P. vivax infection, antibody responses against PvCyRPA have been detected. In children, low anti-CyRPA antibody titers correlated with clinical protection, which suggests this protein as a potential vaccine candidate. This work analyzed the genetic and amino acid diversity of pvcyrpa in Mexican and global parasites. Consensus coding sequences of pvcyrpa were obtained from seven isolates. Other sequences were extracted from a repository. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic trees, genetic diversity parameters, linkage disequilibrium (LD), and neutrality tests were analyzed, and the potential amino acid polymorphism participation in B-cell epitopes was investigated. In 22 sequences from Southern Mexico, two synonymous and 21 nonsynonymous mutations defined nine private haplotypes. These parasites had the highest LD-R2 index and the lowest nucleotide diversity compared to isolates from South America or Asia. The nucleotide diversity and Tajima’s D values varied across the coding gene. The exon-1 sequence had greater diversity and Rm values than those of exon-2. Exon-1 had significant positive values for Tajima’s D, β-α values, and for the Z (HA: dN > dS) and MK tests. These patterns were similar for parasites of different origin. The polymorphic amino acid residues at PvCyRPA resembled the conformational B-cell peptides reported in PfCyRPA. Diversity at pvcyrpa exon-1 is caused by mutation and recombination. This seems to be maintained by balancing selection, likely due to selective immune pressure, all of which merit further study. 2021-01-11T10:48:57Z 2021-01-11T10:48:57Z 2020-12-28 info:eu-repo/semantics/article 2073-4425 http://hdl.handle.net/10835/9270 en https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/12/1/29 Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess MDPI |
| spellingShingle | Plasmodium vivax pvcyrpa Southern Mexico Cysteine-Rich Protective Antigen (CyRPA) merozoite protein genetic diversity Tajima’s D MK test phylogenetic tree balancing selection González Cerón, Lilia Cebrián Carmona, José Mesa Valle, Concepción García Maroto, Federico Santillán Valenzuela, Frida Garrido Cárdenas, José Antonio Plasmodium vivax Cysteine-Rich Protective Antigen Polymorphism at Exon-1 Shows Recombination and Signatures of Balancing Selection |
| title | Plasmodium vivax Cysteine-Rich Protective Antigen Polymorphism at Exon-1 Shows Recombination and Signatures of Balancing Selection |
| title_full | Plasmodium vivax Cysteine-Rich Protective Antigen Polymorphism at Exon-1 Shows Recombination and Signatures of Balancing Selection |
| title_fullStr | Plasmodium vivax Cysteine-Rich Protective Antigen Polymorphism at Exon-1 Shows Recombination and Signatures of Balancing Selection |
| title_full_unstemmed | Plasmodium vivax Cysteine-Rich Protective Antigen Polymorphism at Exon-1 Shows Recombination and Signatures of Balancing Selection |
| title_short | Plasmodium vivax Cysteine-Rich Protective Antigen Polymorphism at Exon-1 Shows Recombination and Signatures of Balancing Selection |
| title_sort | plasmodium vivax cysteine-rich protective antigen polymorphism at exon-1 shows recombination and signatures of balancing selection |
| topic | Plasmodium vivax pvcyrpa Southern Mexico Cysteine-Rich Protective Antigen (CyRPA) merozoite protein genetic diversity Tajima’s D MK test phylogenetic tree balancing selection |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/10835/9270 |
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